We aim to highlight the asymmetric relationship between the current account balance and variables of fundamental macroeconomic and macroeconomic stability in the nonlinear boundary test approach in Iran, for the period 1978-2020. The main focus of this research is on the intertemporal approach to the current account views the current account as the difference between domestic saving and domestic investment and focused on macroeconomic factors that determine these two variables. The primary purpose of this research is to assist in the formulation of appropriate economic policies to minimize any negative effects of the current account deficit on the economy. The nonlinear boundary test approach method is used in this article due to the possibility of long-term nonlinear relationships between the current account deficit and financial balance, inflation rate, KOF index, net foreign assets, real effective exchange rate, total investment, terms of trade and GDP per capita growth. According to the analysis findings, there is a long-term cointegration relationship between variables. It is seen that while there exists long-term asymmetry between the current account deficit, net foreign assets, and financial balance the coefficients themselves are not statistically significant. However, the effect of the real effective exchange rate and the Terms of Trade on the current deficit is statistically significant and substantial. The asymmetric cointegration result confirms, between the current account deficit and the inflation rate, KOF index, total investment, terms of trade, and GDP per capita growth a long-run integration exists.

Background: Stress is a migraine trigger. Anxiety sensitivity as a mediator between stress and disease is one of the factors affecting the symptoms of migraine. Purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety sensitivity in patients with migraine.Methods: In this semi experimental study, 36 patients with migraine were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. Patients of experimental group received EMDR therapy, 3 sessions of 90 minutes within three weeks. Control group did not receive any medical or psychological intervention. Participants in both groups were evaluated with Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory- Revised (ASI-R) during pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up.Findings: The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing reduces anxiety sensitivity (P<0.05) in patients.Conclusion: The results suggest that EMDR can be considered as one of the therapies for migraine headaches.

Empirical and experimental studies show that time preferences for long run are smaller than for short run. In the other word individuals in their intertemporal behavior are present bias. So the saving level becomes less than its optimal level. In this study, we assume that property right could eliminate deferent transaction cost between consumption and saving. We investigated our hypothesis by experimental method. In our experiment, 130 students participated and they answered the "MPL" tests in two group. The first group had not receive commitment. We gave the second group commitment about payment. And found time inconsistent behavior in both groups. The parameter of long run time preference was the same in both first and second group. But the present bias parameter was smaller for the first group. This means that those who have received commitment are less present bias in their intertemporal behavior.

Time preference has a peculiar role in determining the level of economic activities. Time preference is the most important origin of interest rate. In this paper we study the founders and defenders' viewpoints about time preference and then we try to criticize them. It seems that discounting future utilities is resulting from irrationality and it is ethically indefensible too. From mathematical aspect, discounting is necessary because it convergences sum of social welfare function to some finite number and so the optimal time path for consumption is attained. But this isn't true for a growing population. It seems that there aren't any rational reasons for preferring current generation's welfare to future generations'. If we have time preference, in intertemporal allocation, it reduces available resources for future consumption and so the level of saving will be decreased. We study a numerical example for affecting time path of an ore extraction of a nonrenewable resource. Results show that the higher the time preference, the higher the rate of extraction will be occurred. Because with a high rate for time preference, present value of cash flows will be discounted more strongly and it increases the incentive to mine the more quickly.

The current paper examines intertemporal capital asset pricing model in Iran’s Stock Market. Dynamic conditional correlation was used to estimate conditional variance and covariance portfolios with market returns. Time varying beta is estimated by Kalman Filter method. Based on the obtained results, risk aversion coefficients were between 0.013 and 0.28 and the average was 0.20.Significance of risk aversion and insignificance of intercepts revealed that there is ICAPM in Iran’s Stock Market. The result also showed that assets with high correlation with market conditional volatilities have low expected returns in the next transaction period. In addition, assets having high correlation with exchange rate growth are induced by additional risk premium in exchange rate risks and will have high expected returns in the next transaction period.